As I suggested in the original post, the tests on food and other samples have now shown that the poisoning of the family in New Zealand, apparently caused by Clostridium botulinum, was
not caused by botulin toxin. However, no other explanation for the
families symptoms is forthcoming. Conspiracy theorists are suggesting
the boar had consumed 1080 poison (used for possum control) but there is
no evidence for this. Many other toxins could be involved - fungal or
plant toxins, or even toxins in spices brought from India by a relative
of the family. Chances are we will never discover the cause in this
case. However, reading the increasingly confusing reports around the
case does raise concerns that more extensive testing was not conducted
at the time.
A further possible explanation might be provided by a Massey University PhD student's work. Hayley Hunt of the Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences
is investigating a rare disease in hunting dogs called Go Slow. The
disease affects the dogs’ ability to walk by altering the mitochondria
(energy-producing structures within cells), so that their muscles are no
longer able to contract. She says the likely cause of the disease is
dogs eating wild pig meat that has been poisoned when the pig eats
particular plants. The identity of the plant and toxin that may be
tainting the pig meat is currently unknown and may be difficult to define, as there are so many possibilities.
Sunday, January 7, 2018
Raw water: Is it bullshit?
There is a new fad spreading rapidly in the US. "Raw water" is the latest craze for health fanatics keen to spend serious money.
What is raw water? Its proponents claim it is water as nature intended it - unfiltered and untreated, containing minerals from the water source and no chlorine. One raw water company claims that "all other bottled, filtered, tap, and even spring waters are sterilised with ozone gas, irradiated with UV light, and passed through a submicron filter" and that "blasting water with ozone changes its molecular structure". Clearly, there is some truth in this statement, but also a lot of nonsense.
Some water sources are indeed safe to consume untreated; others may appear to be so, but are not safe. In August 2016, over 1000 residents of Havelock North in New Zealand became ill after consuming drinking water from two bores operated by the local council. Investigations showed that the affected residents had been infected by Campylobacter. This was not the first time that the bore heads had been found to be contaminated. The outcome of an extensive investigation was that the water in the bore heads was contaminated with water from an adjoining farm pond on land that had been inundated by heavy rains. The aquifer was not contained and when the pumps were turned on, water from the pond, probably contaminated with sheep faeces, was drawn into the town supply. Anecdotal evidence says that the level in the pond dropped when the pumps were turned on. An immediate response was to chlorinate all water supplied in the area, which annoyed some residents, and the two affected bores were closed. Water was drawn from other bores in the nearby Hastings area and the supply has been chlorinated.
I am constantly surprised by people who want to turn back the clock to a time when food and water borne diseases were common, before modern scientific and technological advances made our lives much safer. Campaigning to ban chlorination of town water is one of those issues. Consumption of raw milk is another one of those desires that can lead to illness.
However, I am also reminded constantly that many rural areas are not serviced by mains water and wastes are treated on site in septic tanks, then discharged to the land. Our house on our own lifestyle farm collects water from the roof and stores it in 36,000L tanks. There is no filtration, chemical or UV treatment. We, like many other rural dwellers, are thereby deliberately exposing ourselves to risk, though there is no alternative other than boiling water or buying bottled water for drinking. The only thing I can say is that since moving to the farm over 30 years ago, we have never suffered from gastrointestinal illness.
Where does this leave us? Treated tap water is probably the safest water supply. Experience shows that rural tank water is usually safe, though it is not sterile; provided that the tanks are protected from contamination by animals or from septic tanks, there is little to fear from drinking it. The perceived benefits of bottled raw water may be illusory, and the marketing hype criticising filtration and ultraviolet treatment of spring waters is just plain misleading. Those getting the most benefit from bottled raw water are the suppliers.
What is raw water? Its proponents claim it is water as nature intended it - unfiltered and untreated, containing minerals from the water source and no chlorine. One raw water company claims that "all other bottled, filtered, tap, and even spring waters are sterilised with ozone gas, irradiated with UV light, and passed through a submicron filter" and that "blasting water with ozone changes its molecular structure". Clearly, there is some truth in this statement, but also a lot of nonsense.
Some water sources are indeed safe to consume untreated; others may appear to be so, but are not safe. In August 2016, over 1000 residents of Havelock North in New Zealand became ill after consuming drinking water from two bores operated by the local council. Investigations showed that the affected residents had been infected by Campylobacter. This was not the first time that the bore heads had been found to be contaminated. The outcome of an extensive investigation was that the water in the bore heads was contaminated with water from an adjoining farm pond on land that had been inundated by heavy rains. The aquifer was not contained and when the pumps were turned on, water from the pond, probably contaminated with sheep faeces, was drawn into the town supply. Anecdotal evidence says that the level in the pond dropped when the pumps were turned on. An immediate response was to chlorinate all water supplied in the area, which annoyed some residents, and the two affected bores were closed. Water was drawn from other bores in the nearby Hastings area and the supply has been chlorinated.
I am constantly surprised by people who want to turn back the clock to a time when food and water borne diseases were common, before modern scientific and technological advances made our lives much safer. Campaigning to ban chlorination of town water is one of those issues. Consumption of raw milk is another one of those desires that can lead to illness.
However, I am also reminded constantly that many rural areas are not serviced by mains water and wastes are treated on site in septic tanks, then discharged to the land. Our house on our own lifestyle farm collects water from the roof and stores it in 36,000L tanks. There is no filtration, chemical or UV treatment. We, like many other rural dwellers, are thereby deliberately exposing ourselves to risk, though there is no alternative other than boiling water or buying bottled water for drinking. The only thing I can say is that since moving to the farm over 30 years ago, we have never suffered from gastrointestinal illness.
Where does this leave us? Treated tap water is probably the safest water supply. Experience shows that rural tank water is usually safe, though it is not sterile; provided that the tanks are protected from contamination by animals or from septic tanks, there is little to fear from drinking it. The perceived benefits of bottled raw water may be illusory, and the marketing hype criticising filtration and ultraviolet treatment of spring waters is just plain misleading. Those getting the most benefit from bottled raw water are the suppliers.
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